In blood banking, what does serological testing detect?

Serological testing in blood banking primarily refers to the detection of blood type and antibodies. This process involves analyzing serum or plasma to identify specific antigens present on the surface of red blood cells, which determine an individual's blood group (such as A, B, AB, or O). Additionally, serological tests are used to screen for the presence of antibodies that may have developed due to previous transfusions, pregnancies, or infections. These antibodies can play a critical role in transfusion compatibility and overall patient safety, making the detection of both blood type and antibodies essential for effective blood transfusion practices.

The other options, while relevant to the broader context of blood banking, do not directly relate to the scope of serological testing. Bacterial contamination detection is generally conducted through microbiological testing, viral infections are screened through specific viral assays, and platelet count determination falls under hematological analysis rather than serologic testing.