In case of a transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), which component of the blood products is primarily involved?

In cases of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), the primary component of blood products involved is plasma. TRALI is characterized by the sudden onset of respiratory distress and pulmonary edema following a transfusion, and it is related to the presence of anti-leukocyte antibodies, typically found in the plasma of the donor. This immune response can lead to the activation of the recipient's neutrophils and subsequent damage to the pulmonary capillaries, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of TRALI.

Plasma contains various proteins, including antibodies, which can provoke this immune reaction during transfusion. While red blood cells, platelets, and whole blood can contribute to other transfusion reactions, the specific mechanism underlying TRALI is primarily associated with plasma components, emphasizing the importance of screening and using leukoreduced blood products to minimize this risk.