What are the main blood group systems recognized in blood banking?

The main blood group systems recognized in blood banking are the ABO and Rh systems. The ABO system categorizes blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O, based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The Rh system primarily revolves around the presence of the Rh factor, commonly referred to as the D antigen. Individuals who have this antigen are classified as Rh-positive, while those who do not are classified as Rh-negative.

These two systems are crucial for safe blood transfusions and organ transplants, as mismatches can lead to serious immune responses. The ABO and Rh systems together help healthcare providers determine blood compatibility, making them foundational to the practice of blood banking and transfusion medicine.

Other options do mention various blood group systems, such as MN and Kell, but they do not hold the same level of clinical significance or universal recognition as the ABO and Rh systems in transfusion practices.